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effectively operate

  • 1 effectively operate

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > effectively operate

  • 2 cost-effectively

    [ˌkɒstɪ'fektɪvlɪ]
    ADV [operate] de manera rentable

    English-spanish dictionary > cost-effectively

  • 3 эффективно пользоваться

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > эффективно пользоваться

  • 4 адаптированные мыши и клавиатуры

    1. adaptive mice and keyboards

     

    адаптированные мыши и клавиатуры
    Клавиатуры и мыши альтернативной формы, позволяющие людям с нарушениями моторных функций эффективно пользоваться клавиатурой.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    EN

    adaptive mice and keyboards
    Alternatively shaped keyboards and mice that allow people with minimal dexterity to be able to effectively operate a keyboard.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > адаптированные мыши и клавиатуры

  • 5 adaptive mice and keyboards

    1. адаптированные мыши и клавиатуры

     

    адаптированные мыши и клавиатуры
    Клавиатуры и мыши альтернативной формы, позволяющие людям с нарушениями моторных функций эффективно пользоваться клавиатурой.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    EN

    adaptive mice and keyboards
    Alternatively shaped keyboards and mice that allow people with minimal dexterity to be able to effectively operate a keyboard.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    Тематики

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > adaptive mice and keyboards

  • 6 funcionar

    v.
    1 to work, to run (machine).
    funciona a pilas it works o runs off batteries
    El motor anda bien The engine is working well.
    2 to work for.
    Me funcionó la idea The idea worked for me.
    * * *
    1 (desempeñar una función) to work, function
    ■ funciona con gasolina/diesel it runs on petrol/diesel
    \
    hacer funcionar algo to operate something
    'No funciona' "Out of order"
    * * *
    verb
    2) run, work
    * * *
    VI
    1) [aparato, mecanismo] to work; [motor] to work, run; [sistema] to work, function

    ¿cómo funciona el vídeo? — how does the video work?, how do you work the video?

    2) [plan, método] to work; [negocio, película] to be a success
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo aparato/máquina to work; servicio to operate

    ¿cómo funciona esto? — how does this work?

    funcionar con pilas/gasolina — to run off batteries/on gasoline

    * * *
    = be operational, be operative, function, operate, perform, work, be in working order, tick, do + the trick.
    Ex. ORBIT has been operational since 1972, and has around seventy data bases mounted.
    Ex. Sometimes truncation may be operative on both ends of a stem.
    Ex. The DOBIS/LIBIS allows both the library and the computer center to function efficiently and at a lower cost by sharing one system.
    Ex. These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.
    Ex. The advanced arithmetical machines of the future will be electrical in nature, and they will perform at 100 times present speeds, or more.
    Ex. Files only work effectively for a limited number of documents.
    Ex. It is therefore a point of wisdom to ensure beforehand that everything is in the best possible working order.
    Ex. The article 'Is your infrastructure ticking?' discusses the issues associated with managing information technology (IT) infrastructure in large organizations.
    Ex. We are currently in the process of looking at two products that seem to do the trick.
    ----
    * dejar de funcionar = go down, cease to + function, go + belly up, flake out, go + dead, pack up.
    * empezar a funcionar = become + operational, get off + the ground, get + rolling, get + things going, get + things rolling, go + live, get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling.
    * forma de funcionar = business model.
    * funcionar además como = double as, double up as.
    * funcionar a las mil maravillas = work + a treat, work like + a charm, go like + a charm.
    * funcionar al máximo = stretch + Nombre + to the limit.
    * funcionar a plena capacidad = be fully into + Posesivo + stride.
    * funcionar a tope = stretch + Nombre + to the limit.
    * funcionar bien = be in order.
    * funcionar con dificultad = labour [labor, -USA].
    * funcionar conjuntamente = work together, interwork.
    * funcionar con pérdidas = run + at a loss.
    * funcionar de lo lindo = work like + a charm, go like + a charm.
    * funcionar de un modo autónomo = operate under + an autonomous hand.
    * funcionar en/a = run over.
    * funcionar mal = malfunction.
    * funcionar mejor = work + best, do + best.
    * funcionar por un sistema de turnos = work to + a rota system, work on + a rota system, work on + a rota, work + shifts.
    * funcionar recíprocamente = work + both ways.
    * funcionar también como = double as, double up as.
    * hacer Algo funcionar = make + Nombre + tick.
    * hacer funcionar = service, do + the trick.
    * hacer que Algo empiece a funcionar = get + Nombre + off the ground.
    * hacer que Algo funcione = make + Nombre + spin.
    * mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + it rolling.
    * máquina que funciona con monedas = coin-operated machine.
    * no funcionar = be out of order.
    * programa + dejar de funcionar = programme + crash.
    * que funciona a base de órdenes = command-driven.
    * que funciona con electricidad = electrically-powered, electrically-operated.
    * que funciona con energía eólica = wind-powered.
    * que funciona con monedas = coin-operated, coin-op.
    * que funciona con vapor = steam-powered.
    * que funciona manualmente = manually operated.
    * sistema + dejar de funcionar = system + crash.
    * volver a funcionar = be back in business.
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo aparato/máquina to work; servicio to operate

    ¿cómo funciona esto? — how does this work?

    funcionar con pilas/gasolina — to run off batteries/on gasoline

    * * *
    = be operational, be operative, function, operate, perform, work, be in working order, tick, do + the trick.

    Ex: ORBIT has been operational since 1972, and has around seventy data bases mounted.

    Ex: Sometimes truncation may be operative on both ends of a stem.
    Ex: The DOBIS/LIBIS allows both the library and the computer center to function efficiently and at a lower cost by sharing one system.
    Ex: These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.
    Ex: The advanced arithmetical machines of the future will be electrical in nature, and they will perform at 100 times present speeds, or more.
    Ex: Files only work effectively for a limited number of documents.
    Ex: It is therefore a point of wisdom to ensure beforehand that everything is in the best possible working order.
    Ex: The article 'Is your infrastructure ticking?' discusses the issues associated with managing information technology (IT) infrastructure in large organizations.
    Ex: We are currently in the process of looking at two products that seem to do the trick.
    * dejar de funcionar = go down, cease to + function, go + belly up, flake out, go + dead, pack up.
    * empezar a funcionar = become + operational, get off + the ground, get + rolling, get + things going, get + things rolling, go + live, get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling.
    * forma de funcionar = business model.
    * funcionar además como = double as, double up as.
    * funcionar a las mil maravillas = work + a treat, work like + a charm, go like + a charm.
    * funcionar al máximo = stretch + Nombre + to the limit.
    * funcionar a plena capacidad = be fully into + Posesivo + stride.
    * funcionar a tope = stretch + Nombre + to the limit.
    * funcionar bien = be in order.
    * funcionar con dificultad = labour [labor, -USA].
    * funcionar conjuntamente = work together, interwork.
    * funcionar con pérdidas = run + at a loss.
    * funcionar de lo lindo = work like + a charm, go like + a charm.
    * funcionar de un modo autónomo = operate under + an autonomous hand.
    * funcionar en/a = run over.
    * funcionar mal = malfunction.
    * funcionar mejor = work + best, do + best.
    * funcionar por un sistema de turnos = work to + a rota system, work on + a rota system, work on + a rota, work + shifts.
    * funcionar recíprocamente = work + both ways.
    * funcionar también como = double as, double up as.
    * hacer Algo funcionar = make + Nombre + tick.
    * hacer funcionar = service, do + the trick.
    * hacer que Algo empiece a funcionar = get + Nombre + off the ground.
    * hacer que Algo funcione = make + Nombre + spin.
    * mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + it rolling.
    * máquina que funciona con monedas = coin-operated machine.
    * no funcionar = be out of order.
    * programa + dejar de funcionar = programme + crash.
    * que funciona a base de órdenes = command-driven.
    * que funciona con electricidad = electrically-powered, electrically-operated.
    * que funciona con energía eólica = wind-powered.
    * que funciona con monedas = coin-operated, coin-op.
    * que funciona con vapor = steam-powered.
    * que funciona manualmente = manually operated.
    * sistema + dejar de funcionar = system + crash.
    * volver a funcionar = be back in business.

    * * *
    funcionar [A1 ]
    vi
    to work
    el reloj funciona a la perfección the clock works perfectly
    ¿cómo funciona este cacharro? how does this thing work?
    [ S ] no funciona out of order
    la relación no funcionaba their relationship wasn't working (out) ( colloq)
    el servicio no puede funcionar con tan poco personal the service cannot operate o function with so few staff
    funciona con pilas it works on o runs off batteries
    * * *

     

    funcionar ( conjugate funcionar) verbo intransitivo [aparato/máquina] to work;
    [ servicio] to operate;
    ( on signs) no funciona out of order;
    ◊ funcionar con pilas/gasolina to run off batteries/on gasoline

    funcionar verbo intransitivo to work: no funciona, (en letrero) out of order

    ' funcionar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    andar
    - deteriorarse
    - evolucionar
    - ir
    - marchar
    - poner
    - resultar
    - vez
    - bien
    - carburar
    English:
    act
    - act up
    - behave
    - dare
    - function
    - get
    - go
    - malfunction
    - need
    - operate
    - perform
    - run
    - work
    - develop
    - die
    - drive
    - flush
    - pack
    - play
    - turn
    * * *
    to work;
    el sistema funciona de maravilla the system works superbly;
    funciona con gasolina it runs on Br petrol o US gasoline;
    funciona a o [m5] con pilas it uses o runs off batteries, it's battery-powered;
    no funciona [en letrero] out of order;
    su matrimonio no está funcionando their marriage isn't working (out);
    conmigo los lloros no funcionan you won't get anywhere with me by crying
    * * *
    v/i work;
    no funciona out of order
    * * *
    1) : to function
    2) : to run, to work
    * * *
    1. (en general) to work
    2. (ir) to run [pt. ran; pp. run]
    "no funciona" "out of order"

    Spanish-English dictionary > funcionar

  • 7 work

    1. noun
    1) no pl., no indef. art. Arbeit, die

    at work — (engaged in working) bei der Arbeit; (fig.): (operating) am Werk (see also academic.ru/23063/e">e)

    be at work on something — an etwas (Dat.) arbeiten; (fig.) auf etwas (Akk.) wirken

    set to work — [Person:] sich an die Arbeit machen

    set somebody to work — jemanden an die Arbeit schicken

    have one's work cut out — viel zu tun haben; sich ranhalten müssen (ugs.)

    2) (thing made or achieved) Werk, das

    is that all your own work? — hast du das alles selbst gemacht?

    work of art — Kunstwerk, das

    3) (book, piece of music) Werk, das

    a work of reference/literature/art — ein Nachschlagewerk/literarisches Werk/Kunstwerk

    4) in pl. (of author or composer) Werke
    5) (employment) Arbeit, die

    out of work — arbeitslos; ohne Arbeit

    at work — (place of employment) auf der Arbeit (see also a)

    6) in pl., usu. constr. as sing. (factory) Werk, das
    7) in pl. (Mil.) Werke; Befestigungen
    8) in pl. (operations of building etc.) Arbeiten
    9) in pl. (machine's operative parts) Werk, das
    10) in pl. (coll.): (all that can be included)

    the [whole/full] works — der ganze Kram (ugs.)

    give somebody the works — (fig.) (give somebody the best possible treatment) jemandem richtig verwöhnen (ugs.); (give somebody the worst possible treatment) jemanden fertig machen (salopp)

    2. intransitive verb,
    worked or (arch./literary) wrought

    work for a cause — etc. für eine Sache usw. arbeiten

    work against something — (impede) einer Sache (Dat.) entgegenstehen

    2) (function effectively) funktionieren; [Charme:] wirken (on auf + Akk.)

    make the washing machine/television work — die Waschmaschine/den Fernsehapparat in Ordnung bringen

    3) [Rad, Getriebe, Kette:] laufen
    4) (be craftsman)

    work in a material — mit od. (fachspr.) in einem Material arbeiten

    5) [Faktoren, Einflüsse:] wirken (on auf + Akk.)

    work against — arbeiten gegen; see also work on

    6) (make its/one's way) sich schieben

    work round to a question — (fig.) sich zu einer Frage vorarbeiten

    3. transitive verb,
    worked or (arch./literary) wrought
    1) (operate) bedienen [Maschine]; fahren [Schiff]; betätigen [Bremse]
    2) (get labour from) arbeiten lassen
    3) (get material from) ausbeuten [Steinbruch, Grube]
    4) (operate in or on) [Vertreter:] bereisen
    5) (control) steuern
    6) (effect) bewirken [Änderung]; wirken [Wunder]

    work it or things so that... — (coll.) es deichseln, dass... (ugs.)

    7) (cause to go gradually) führen

    work one's way up/into something — sich hocharbeiten/in etwas (Akk.) hineinarbeiten

    8) (get gradually) bringen
    9) (knead, stir)

    work something into something — etwas zu etwas verarbeiten; (mix in) etwas unter etwas (Akk.) rühren

    work oneself into a state/a rage — sich aufregen/in einen Wutanfall hineinsteigern

    11) (make by needlework etc.) arbeiten; aufsticken [Muster] (on auf + Akk.)
    12) (purchase, obtain with labour) abarbeiten; (fig.)

    she worked her way through college — sie hat sich (Dat.) ihr Studium selbst verdient; see also passage 6)

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    [wə:k] 1. noun
    1) (effort made in order to achieve or make something: He has done a lot of work on this project) die Arbeit
    2) (employment: I cannot find work in this town.) die Arbeit
    3) (a task or tasks; the thing that one is working on: Please clear your work off the table.) die Arbeit
    4) (a painting, book, piece of music etc: the works of Van Gogh / Shakespeare/Mozart; This work was composed in 1816.) das Werk
    5) (the product or result of a person's labours: His work has shown a great improvement lately.) die Arbeit
    6) (one's place of employment: He left (his) work at 5.30 p.m.; I don't think I'll go to work tomorrow.) die Arbeit
    2. verb
    1) (to (cause to) make efforts in order to achieve or make something: She works at the factory three days a week; He works his employees very hard; I've been working on/at a new project.) arbeiten
    2) (to be employed: Are you working just now?) arbeiten
    3) (to (cause to) operate (in the correct way): He has no idea how that machine works / how to work that machine; That machine doesn't/won't work, but this one's working.) funktionieren
    4) (to be practicable and/or successful: If my scheme works, we'll be rich!) klappen
    5) (to make (one's way) slowly and carefully with effort or difficulty: She worked her way up the rock face.) sich arbeiten
    6) (to get into, or put into, a stated condition or position, slowly and gradually: The wheel worked loose.) sich arbeiten
    7) (to make by craftsmanship: The ornaments had been worked in gold.) arbeiten
    •
    - -work
    - workable
    - worker
    - works     3. noun plural
    1) (the mechanism (of a watch, clock etc): The works are all rusted.) das Werk
    2) (deeds, actions etc: She's devoted her life to good works.) das Werk
    •
    - work-basket
    - work-box
    - workbook
    - workforce
    - working class
    - working day
    - work-day
    - working hours
    - working-party
    - work-party
    - working week
    - workman
    - workmanlike
    - workmanship
    - workmate
    - workout
    - workshop
    - at work
    - get/set to work
    - go to work on
    - have one's work cut out
    - in working order
    - out of work
    - work of art
    - work off
    - work out
    - work up
    - work up to
    - work wonders
    * * *
    [wɜ:k, AM wɜ:rk]
    I. NOUN
    1. no pl (useful activity) Arbeit f; ( fig)
    to be at \work am Werk sein
    forces of destruction are at \work here hier sind zerstörerische Kräfte am Werk
    various factors are at \work in this situation in dieser Situation spielen verschiedene Faktoren eine Rolle
    good \work! gute Arbeit!
    there's a lot of \work to be done yet es gibt noch viel zu tun
    the garden needs a lot of \work im Garten muss [so] einiges gemacht werden
    \work on the tunnel has been suspended die Arbeiten am Tunnel wurden vorübergehend eingestellt
    did you manage to get a bit of \work done? konntest du ein bisschen arbeiten?
    construction/repair \work Bau-/Reparaturarbeiten pl
    research \work Forschungsarbeit f
    it's hard \work doing sth (strenuous) es ist anstrengend, etw zu tun; (difficult) es ist schwierig, etw zu tun
    to be at \work doing sth [gerade] damit beschäftigt sein, etw zu tun
    to get [or go] [or set] to \work sich akk an die Arbeit machen
    to get [or go] [or set] to \work on sth sich akk an etw akk machen
    to make \work for sb jdm Arbeit machen
    to make \work for oneself sich dat unnötige Arbeit machen
    to put [or set] sb to \work doing sth jdn [damit] beauftragen, etw zu tun
    2. no pl (employment) Arbeit f
    what sort of \work do you have experience in? über welche Berufserfahrung verfügen Sie?
    she's got \work as a translator sie hat Arbeit [o eine Stelle] als Übersetzerin gefunden
    to look for \work auf Arbeitssuche sein
    he's looking for \work as a system analyst er sucht Arbeit [o eine Stelle] als Systemanalytiker
    to be in \work Arbeit [o eine Stelle] haben
    to be out of \work arbeitslos sein
    3. no pl (place of employment) Arbeit f, Arbeitsplatz m
    to be late for \work zu spät zur Arbeit kommen
    to have to stay late at \work lange arbeiten müssen
    to be at \work bei der Arbeit sein
    to be off \work frei haben; (without permission) fehlen
    to be off \work sick sich akk krankgemeldet haben
    to commute to \work pendeln
    to get to \work by car/on the train mit dem Auto/mit dem Zug zur Arbeit fahren
    to go/travel to \work zur Arbeit gehen/fahren
    to be injured at \work einen Arbeitsunfall haben
    to ring sb from \work jdn von der Arbeit [aus] anrufen
    ▪ \works pl Arbeiten pl
    building/road \works Bau-/Straßenarbeiten pl
    5. no pl (result, product) Arbeit f; (act) Werk nt
    this is the \work of professional thieves das ist das Werk professioneller Diebe
    good \works REL gute Werke
    6. ART, LIT, MUS Werk nt
    ‘The Complete W\works of William Shakespeare’ ‚Shakespeares gesammelte Werke‘
    \works of art Kunstwerke pl
    \work in bronze Bronzearbeiten pl
    \work in leather aus Leder gefertigte Arbeiten
    sb's early/later \work jds Früh-/Spätwerk nt
    to show one's \work in a gallery seine Arbeiten in einer Galerie ausstellen
    ▪ \works + sing/pl vb Werk nt, Fabrik f
    steel \works Stahlwerk nt
    ▪ \works pl of a clock Uhrwerk nt; of a machine Getriebe nt
    ▪ the \works pl das ganze Drum und Dran kein pl fam
    two large pizzas with the \works, please! esp AM zwei große Pizzen mit allem bitte!
    10. no pl PHYS Arbeit f
    11. MIL
    ▪ \works pl Befestigungen pl
    12.
    ▶ to be a [real] piece of \work ( fam) ganz schön nervig sein fam
    ▶ to have one's \work cut out ( fam) sich akk mächtig reinknien müssen fam
    ▶ to get [or go] [or set] to \work on sb ( fam) jdn bearbeiten fam
    ▶ to give sb the \works ( dated sl) jdn [ordentlich] in die Mangel nehmen fam
    1. (climate, report, week) Arbeits-
    \work clothes Arbeitskleidung f
    \work speed Arbeitstempo nt
    2.
    ▪ \works (canteen, inspection) Werks-
    \works premises Werksgelände nt
    1. (do a job) arbeiten
    where do you \work? wo arbeiten Sie?
    to \work as an accountant als Buchhalter arbeiten
    to \work a twelve-hour day/a forty-hour week zwölf Stunden am Tag/vierzig Stunden in der Woche arbeiten
    to \work from home zu Hause [o von zu Hause aus] arbeiten
    to \work at the hospital/abroad im Krankenhaus/im Ausland arbeiten
    to \work like a slave [or AM, AUS dog] ( fam) wie ein Tier schuften fam
    to \work like a Trojan BRIT wie ein Pferd arbeiten fam
    to \work hard hart arbeiten
    to \work together zusammenarbeiten
    ▪ to \work with sb mit jdm zusammenarbeiten
    2. (be busy, active) arbeiten
    we're \working to prevent it happening again wir bemühen uns [o arbeiten daran], so etwas in Zukunft zu verhindern
    to \work towards a degree in biology einen Hochschulabschluss in Biologie anstreben
    ▪ to \work at/on sth an etw dat arbeiten
    we're \working on it wir arbeiten daran
    to \work at a problem an einem Problem arbeiten
    to \work hard at doing sth hart daran arbeiten, etw zu tun
    ▪ to \work for/towards sth auf etw akk hinwirken [o hinarbeiten
    3. (have an effect) sich auswirken
    to \work both ways sich sowohl positiv als auch negativ auswirken
    ▪ to \work in sb's favour sich zu jds Gunsten auswirken
    ▪ to \work against sb/sth sich negativ für jdn/auf etw akk auswirken
    4. (function) funktionieren; generator, motor laufen
    my cell phone doesn't \work mein Handy geht nicht
    the boiler seems to be \working okay der Boiler scheint in Ordnung zu sein
    I can't get this washing machine to \work ich kriege die Waschmaschine irgendwie nicht zum Laufen
    to \work off batteries batteriebetrieben sein
    to \work off the mains BRIT mit Netzstrom arbeiten
    to \work off wind power mit Windenergie arbeiten
    5. (be successful) funktionieren, klappen fam; plan, tactics aufgehen
    to \work in practice [auch] in der Praxis funktionieren
    6. MED medicine, pill wirken
    7. (be based)
    to \work on the assumption/idea that... von der Annahme/Vorstellung ausgehen, dass...
    8. (move)
    to \work free/loose sich lösen/lockern
    ▪ to \work down clothes runterrutschen fam
    to \work windward NAUT gegen den Wind segeln
    9. ( liter: change expression) arbeiten; (contort) sich verzerren
    10. NAUT
    to \work windward [hart] am Wind segeln
    11.
    ▶ to \work like a charm [or like magic] Wunder bewirken
    ▶ to \work till you drop ( fam) bis zum Umfallen arbeiten
    ▶ to \work on sb jdn bearbeiten fam
    to \work oneself to death ( fam) sich akk zu Tode arbeiten [o fam schinden]
    to \work sb/oneself hard jdm/sich viel abverlangen
    ▪ to \work sth machine etw bedienen; piece of equipment etw betätigen
    to be \worked by electricity/steam elektrisch/dampfgetrieben sein
    to be \worked by wind power durch Windenergie angetrieben werden
    ▪ to \work sth out of sth etw aus etw dat herausbekommen
    to \work one's way through an article/a book sich akk durch einen Artikel/ein Buch durcharbeiten
    to \work one's way through a crowd/out of a crowded room sich dat einen Weg durch die Menge/aus einem überfüllten Zimmer bahnen
    to \work one's way down a list eine Liste durchgehen
    to \work one's way up sich akk hocharbeiten
    he's \worked his way up through the firm er hat sich in der Firma hochgearbeitet
    to \work sth free/loose etw losbekommen/lockern
    sth \works itself free/loose etw löst/lockert sich akk
    to \work sth [backwards and forwards] etw [hin- und her]bewegen
    ▪ sth \works itself out of sth etw löst sich aus etw dat
    ▪ to \work sth etw bewirken
    I don't know how she \worked it! ich weiß nicht, wie sie das geschafft hat!
    to \work oneself into a more positive frame of mind sich dat eine positivere Lebenseinstellung erarbeiten
    to \work a cure eine Heilung herbeiführen
    to \work a miracle ein Wunder vollbringen
    to \work miracles [or wonders] [wahre] Wunder vollbringen
    to \work oneself into a frenzy [or rage] in Rage geraten fam
    to \work sb into a frenzy [or rage] jdn in Rage bringen fam
    to \work oneself into a state sich akk aufregen
    to \work sb into a state of jealousy jdn eifersüchtig machen
    6. (shape)
    ▪ to \work sth etw bearbeiten
    to \work clay Ton formen
    7. (mix, rub)
    ▪ to \work sth into sth etw in etw akk einarbeiten; food etw mit etw dat vermengen; (incorporate) etw in etw akk einbauen [o einfügen]
    to \work the ingredients together die Zutaten [miteinander] vermengen
    to \work sth into the skin (rub) die Haut mit etw dat einreiben; (massage) etw in die Haut einmassieren
    ▪ to \work sth etw [auf]sticken
    to \work a monogram on sth etw mit einem Monogramm besticken, ein Monogramm auf etw akk sticken
    to \work the land das Land bewirtschaften; (exploit)
    to \work a mine/quarry eine Mine/einen Steinbruch ausbeuten
    10. (cover)
    to \work the inner city [area]/the East Side für die Innenstadt/die East Side zuständig sein
    11. (pay for by working)
    to \work one's passage sich dat seine Überfahrt durch Arbeit auf dem Schiff verdienen
    to \work one's way through university sich dat sein Studium finanzieren
    12.
    ▶ to \work one's fingers to the bone [for sb] ( fam) sich dat [für jdn] den Rücken krumm arbeiten fam
    ▶ to \work a treat BRIT ( fam) prima funktionieren fam
    * * *
    [wɜːk]
    1. n
    1) (= toil, labour, task) Arbeit f

    there are forces at work which... — es sind Kräfte am Werk, die...

    nice or good work! — gut or super (inf) gemacht!

    we've a lot of work to do before this choir can give a concert — wir haben noch viel zu tun, ehe dieser Chor ein Konzert geben kann

    you need to do some more work on your accent/your technique — Sie müssen noch an Ihrem Akzent/an Ihrer Technik arbeiten

    to make short or quick work of sb/sth — mit jdm/etw kurzen Prozess machen

    time/the medicine had done its work — die Zeit/Arznei hatte ihr Werk vollbracht/ihre Wirkung getan

    2) (= employment, job) Arbeit f

    how long does it take you to get to work? — wie lange brauchst du, um zu deiner Arbeitsstelle zu kommen?

    at work — an der Arbeitsstelle, am Arbeitsplatz

    3) (= product) Arbeit f; (ART, LITER) Werk nt

    a chance for artists to show their work — eine Gelegenheit für Künstler, ihre Arbeiten or Werke zu zeigen

    4) pl (MIL) Befestigungen pl
    5) pl (MECH) Getriebe, Innere(s) nt; (of watch, clock) Uhrwerk nt
    6) sing or pl (Brit: factory) Betrieb m, Fabrik f

    gas/steel works — Gas-/Stahlwerk nt

    we had fantastic food, wine, brandy, the works — es gab tolles Essen, Wein, Kognak, alle Schikanen (inf)

    2. vi
    1) person arbeiten (at an +dat)

    to work toward(s)/for sth — auf etw (acc) hin/für etw arbeiten

    or favor (US) — diese Faktoren, die gegen uns/zu unseren Gunsten arbeiten

    2) (= function, operate) funktionieren; (plan) funktionieren, klappen (inf); (medicine, spell) wirken; (= be successful) klappen (inf)

    "not working" (lift etc) — "außer Betrieb"

    3) (yeast) arbeiten, treiben
    4) (mouth, face) zucken; (jaws) mahlen
    5)

    (= move gradually) to work loose — sich lockern

    he worked (a)round to asking her — er hat sich aufgerafft, sie zu fragen

    OK, I'm working (a)round to it — okay, das mache ich schon noch

    3. vt
    1) (= make work) staff, employees, students arbeiten lassen, herannehmen (inf), schinden (pej)

    to work oneself/sb hard — sich/jdn nicht schonen

    2) (= operate) machine bedienen; lever, brake betätigen

    to work sth by electricity/hand — etw elektrisch/mit Hand betreiben

    3) (= bring about) change, cure bewirken, herbeiführen

    to work it ( so that...) (inf) — es so deichseln(, dass...) (inf)

    See:
    4) (SEW) arbeiten; design etc sticken
    5) (= shape) wood, metal bearbeiten; dough, clay also kneten, bearbeiten

    work the flour in gradually/the ingredients together — mischen Sie das Mehl allmählich unter/die Zutaten (zusammen)

    6) (= exploit) mine ausbeuten, abbauen; land bearbeiten; smallholding bewirtschaften; (salesman) area bereisen
    7) muscles trainieren
    8)

    (= move gradually) to work one's hands free — seine Hände freibekommen

    he worked his way across the rock face/through the tunnel — er überquerte die Felswand/kroch durch den Tunnel

    * * *
    work [wɜːk; US wɜrk]
    A s
    1. allg Arbeit f:
    a) Beschäftigung f, Tätigkeit f
    b) Aufgabe f
    c) Hand-, Nadelarbeit f, Stickerei f, Näherei f
    d) Leistung f
    e) Erzeugnis n:
    work done geleistete Arbeit;
    a beautiful piece of work eine schöne Arbeit;
    work in hand WIRTSCH Auftragsbestand m;
    work in process ( oder progress) WIRTSCH US Halbfabrikate pl;
    a) bei der Arbeit,
    b) am Arbeitsplatz,
    c) in Tätigkeit, in Betrieb (Maschine etc);
    be at work on arbeiten an (dat);
    do work arbeiten;
    I’ve got some work to do ich muss arbeiten;
    do the work of three (men) für drei arbeiten;
    be in (out of) work (keine) Arbeit haben;
    (put) out of work arbeitslos (machen);
    set to work an die Arbeit gehen, sich an die Arbeit machen;
    take some work home Arbeit mit nach Hause nehmen;
    have one’s work cut out (for one) zu tun haben, schwer zu schaffen haben;
    make work Arbeit verursachen;
    make light work of spielend fertig werden mit;
    make sad work of arg wirtschaften oder hausen mit;
    make short work of kurzen Prozess oder nicht viel Federlesen(s) machen mit umg
    2. PHYS Arbeit f:
    3. auch koll (künstlerisches etc) Werk:
    work of art Kunstwerk; → fiction 2, reference A 8
    4. Werk n (Tat und Resultat):
    this is your work!;
    5. pl
    a) ARCH Anlagen pl, (besonders öffentliche) Bauten pl
    b) Baustelle f (an einer Autobahn etc)
    c) MIL (Festungs)Werk n, Befestigungen pl
    6. pl (oft als sg konstruiert) Werk n, Fabrik (-anlage) f, Betrieb m:
    works climate (council, outing, etc) Betriebsklima n (-rat m, -ausflug m etc);
    works manager Werksdirektor m, Betriebsleiter m
    7. pl TECH (Räder-, Trieb)Werk n, Getriebe n:
    works of a watch Uhrwerk; → spanner 1
    8. Werk-, Arbeitsstück n, ( besonders Nadel)Arbeit f
    9. REL (gutes) Werk
    10. the works pl umg alles, der ganze Krempel:
    give sb the works umg jemanden fertigmachen;
    shoot the works (Kartenspiel) aufs Ganze gehen (a. fig); → gum2 B 4
    B v/i prät und pperf worked, besonders obs oder poet wrought [rɔːt]
    1. (at, on) arbeiten (an dat), sich beschäftigen (mit):
    work at a social reform an einer Sozialreform arbeiten;
    worked ( oder wrought) in leather in Leder gearbeitet;
    work to rule WIRTSCH Br Dienst nach Vorschrift tun;
    make one’s money work sein Geld arbeiten lassen
    2. arbeiten, Arbeit haben, beschäftigt sein
    3. fig arbeiten, kämpfen ( beide:
    against gegen;
    for für eine Sache):
    work toward(s) hinarbeiten auf (akk)
    4. TECH
    a) funktionieren, gehen (beide auch fig)
    b) in Betrieb oder Gang sein:
    our stove works well unser Ofen funktioniert gut;
    your method won’t work mit Ihrer Methode werden Sie es nicht schaffen;
    get sth to work etwas reparieren
    5. fig klappen, gehen, gelingen, sich machen lassen
    6. (prät oft wrought) wirken, sich auswirken (on, with auf akk, bei):
    the poison began to work das Gift begann zu wirken
    7. work on jemanden bearbeiten, sich jemanden vornehmen (beide umg)
    8. sich gut etc bearbeiten lassen
    9. sich (hindurch-, hoch- etc) arbeiten:
    work into eindringen in (akk);
    work loose sich losarbeiten, sich lockern;
    her tights worked down die Strumpfhose rutschte ihr herunter
    10. in (heftiger) Bewegung sein, arbeiten, zucken ( alle:
    with vor dat; Gesichtszüge etc), mahlen ( with vor Erregung etc; Kiefer)
    11. SCHIFF (besonders gegen den Wind) segeln, fahren
    12. gären, arbeiten (beide auch fig: Gedanke etc)
    13. (hand)arbeiten, stricken, nähen
    C v/t
    1. arbeiten an (dat)
    2. verarbeiten:
    a) TECH bearbeiten
    b) einen Teig kneten
    c) (ver)formen, gestalten ( beide:
    into zu):
    work cotton into cloth Baumwolle zu Tuch verarbeiten
    3. eine Maschine etc bedienen, ein Fahrzeug führen, lenken
    4. (an-, be)treiben:
    worked by electricity elektrisch betrieben
    5. AGR den Boden bearbeiten, bestellen
    6. einen Betrieb leiten, eine Fabrik etc betreiben, ein Gut bewirtschaften
    7. Bergbau: eine Grube abbauen, ausbeuten
    8. WIRTSCH (geschäftlich) bereisen oder bearbeiten:
    9. jemanden, Tiere (tüchtig) arbeiten lassen, (zur Arbeit) antreiben
    10. fig jemanden bearbeiten umg, jemandem zusetzen ( beide:
    for wegen):
    11. a) work one’s way sich (hindurch- etc) arbeiten
    b) erarbeiten, verdienen: → passage1 5
    12. MATH lösen, ausarbeiten, errechnen
    13. erregen, reizen, (in einen Zustand) versetzen oder bringen:
    work o.s. into a rage sich in eine Wut hineinsteigern
    14. bewegen, arbeiten mit:
    he worked his jaws seine Kiefer mahlten
    15. fig (prät oft wrought) hervorbringen, -rufen, zeitigen, Veränderungen etc bewirken, Wunder wirken oder tun, führen zu, verursachen:
    work hardship on sb für jemanden eine Härte bedeuten
    16. (prät oft wrought) fertigbringen, zustande bringen
    a) eine Arbeit etc einschieben in (akk),
    b) Passagen etc einarbeiten oder -flechten oder -fügen in (akk)
    18. sl etwas herausschlagen
    19. US sl jemanden bescheißen
    20. herstellen, machen, besonders stricken, nähen
    21. zur Gärung bringen
    22. → work over 2
    w. abk
    2. wide
    4. wife
    5. with
    6. PHYS work
    wk abk
    1. week Wo.
    2. work
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) no pl., no indef. art. Arbeit, die

    at work — (engaged in working) bei der Arbeit; (fig.): (operating) am Werk (see also e)

    be at work on something — an etwas (Dat.) arbeiten; (fig.) auf etwas (Akk.) wirken

    set to work — [Person:] sich an die Arbeit machen

    have one's work cut out — viel zu tun haben; sich ranhalten müssen (ugs.)

    work of art — Kunstwerk, das

    3) (book, piece of music) Werk, das

    a work of reference/literature/art — ein Nachschlagewerk/literarisches Werk/Kunstwerk

    5) (employment) Arbeit, die

    out of work — arbeitslos; ohne Arbeit

    at work — (place of employment) auf der Arbeit (see also a)

    6) in pl., usu. constr. as sing. (factory) Werk, das
    7) in pl. (Mil.) Werke; Befestigungen
    8) in pl. (operations of building etc.) Arbeiten
    10) in pl. (coll.): (all that can be included)

    the [whole/full] works — der ganze Kram (ugs.)

    give somebody the works — (fig.) (give somebody the best possible treatment) jemandem richtig verwöhnen (ugs.); (give somebody the worst possible treatment) jemanden fertig machen (salopp)

    2. intransitive verb,
    worked or (arch./literary) wrought

    work for a cause — etc. für eine Sache usw. arbeiten

    work against something — (impede) einer Sache (Dat.) entgegenstehen

    2) (function effectively) funktionieren; [Charme:] wirken (on auf + Akk.)

    make the washing machine/television work — die Waschmaschine/den Fernsehapparat in Ordnung bringen

    3) [Rad, Getriebe, Kette:] laufen

    work in a material — mit od. (fachspr.) in einem Material arbeiten

    5) [Faktoren, Einflüsse:] wirken (on auf + Akk.)

    work against — arbeiten gegen; see also work on

    6) (make its/one's way) sich schieben

    work round to a question — (fig.) sich zu einer Frage vorarbeiten

    3. transitive verb,
    worked or (arch./literary) wrought
    1) (operate) bedienen [Maschine]; fahren [Schiff]; betätigen [Bremse]
    2) (get labour from) arbeiten lassen
    3) (get material from) ausbeuten [Steinbruch, Grube]
    4) (operate in or on) [Vertreter:] bereisen
    5) (control) steuern
    6) (effect) bewirken [Änderung]; wirken [Wunder]

    work it or things so that... — (coll.) es deichseln, dass... (ugs.)

    work one's way up/into something — sich hocharbeiten/in etwas (Akk.) hineinarbeiten

    8) (get gradually) bringen
    9) (knead, stir)

    work something into something — etwas zu etwas verarbeiten; (mix in) etwas unter etwas (Akk.) rühren

    work oneself into a state/a rage — sich aufregen/in einen Wutanfall hineinsteigern

    11) (make by needlework etc.) arbeiten; aufsticken [Muster] (on auf + Akk.)
    12) (purchase, obtain with labour) abarbeiten; (fig.)

    she worked her way through college — sie hat sich (Dat.) ihr Studium selbst verdient; see also passage 6)

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    (hard) for expr.
    erarbeiten v.
    sich etwas erarbeiten ausdr. v.
    arbeiten v.
    funktionieren v. n.
    Arbeit -en f.
    Werk -e n.

    English-german dictionary > work

  • 8 realmente

    adv.
    1 in fact, actually.
    2 really, very (muy).
    3 as a matter of fact, in effect, in fact.
    * * *
    1 (de verdad) really, truly
    2 (en realidad) actually, in fact
    * * *
    adv.
    * * *
    I
    ADV
    1) (=verdaderamente) really
    2) (=de hecho) really, actually

    lo prometió, aunque realmente no pensaba hacerlo — she promised to do it although she didn't actually o really intend to

    nunca me creí que fuera él realmente el autor — I never really o actually believed that he was the author

    II
    ADV [referente a la realeza] royally
    * * *
    adverbio really, in fact
    * * *
    = do, realistically, really, factually, effectively, if the truth be known, if the truth be told.
    Ex. In general then, the analytical approach is to be preferred, but it does have two limitations.
    Ex. In the light of the information explosion, no researcher can now realistically expect to keep pace with developments in his own field, let alone those in allied fields = En vista del crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, siendo realista ahora el investigador no puede mantenerse al día en los avances de su propio campo y mucho menos de los de campos afines.
    Ex. Natural indexing languages are not really a separate language at all, but the 'natural language' or ordinary language of the document being indexed.
    Ex. It is factually wrong and historically incorrect to deify scientists, who share the foibles and weaknesses of other human beings.
    Ex. A financial survey views the net effect of California's Proposition 13 as effectively lowering financial support of libraries by 25%.
    Ex. If the truth be known, most successes are built on a multitude of failures.
    Ex. If the truth be told, both sides of the political spectrum suffer from those who operate on emotions rather than logic.
    ----
    * ser realmente = be nothing short of.
    * * *
    adverbio really, in fact
    * * *
    = do, realistically, really, factually, effectively, if the truth be known, if the truth be told.

    Ex: In general then, the analytical approach is to be preferred, but it does have two limitations.

    Ex: In the light of the information explosion, no researcher can now realistically expect to keep pace with developments in his own field, let alone those in allied fields = En vista del crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, siendo realista ahora el investigador no puede mantenerse al día en los avances de su propio campo y mucho menos de los de campos afines.
    Ex: Natural indexing languages are not really a separate language at all, but the 'natural language' or ordinary language of the document being indexed.
    Ex: It is factually wrong and historically incorrect to deify scientists, who share the foibles and weaknesses of other human beings.
    Ex: A financial survey views the net effect of California's Proposition 13 as effectively lowering financial support of libraries by 25%.
    Ex: If the truth be known, most successes are built on a multitude of failures.
    Ex: If the truth be told, both sides of the political spectrum suffer from those who operate on emotions rather than logic.
    * ser realmente = be nothing short of.

    * * *
    really
    estaba realmente contenta she was really happy
    realmente no fue así it wasn't really like that
    * * *

     

    realmente adverbio
    really, in fact
    realmente adverbio
    1 (verdaderamente) really: es realmente caro, it's really expensive
    2 (de hecho, en realidad) actually, in fact: realmente, José no es español, actually, José isn't Spanish ➣ Ver nota en actually
    ' realmente' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    obnubilar
    - retórica
    - ambiente
    English:
    actually
    - air
    - barrel
    - go off
    - impossible
    - literally
    - quite
    - really
    - scary
    - schedule
    - soppy
    - effect
    - genuine
    - genuinely
    - one
    - truly
    - well
    * * *
    1. [en realidad, verdad] really;
    si realmente lo hizo él, habría que darle un premio if he really did it himself, he deserves a prize
    2. [muy] really;
    estaba realmente enfadado he was really angry;
    es un paisaje realmente precioso the scenery is really beautiful
    3. [sinceramente] really, honestly;
    realmente, no sé qué pensar I really o honestly don't know what to think;
    realmente, creo que te pasaste I really o honestly think you went too far;
    realmente, como no te pongas a estudiar no sé cómo vas a aprobar if you don't start doing some work, I honestly o really don't know how you're going to pass
    * * *
    adv really
    * * *
    : really, in reality
    * * *
    realmente adv really

    Spanish-English dictionary > realmente

  • 9 actuar

    v.
    1 to act (obrar, producir efecto).
    actúa de o como escudo it acts o serves as a shield
    este tranquilizante actúa directamente sobre los centros nerviosos this tranquilizer acts directly on the nerve centers
    Juana actúa como reina Johanna acts like a queen.
    Actué bien I acted [behaved] well.
    Ricardo actuó en el incendio Richard acted=took action during the fire.
    2 to undertake proceedings (law).
    3 to perform, to act.
    en esta película actúa Victoria Abril Victoria Abril appears in this film
    4 to perform on, to act out.
    5 to perform judicial acts, to prosecute, to litigate, to bring an action.
    El juez actúa legalmente The judge performs judicial acts legally.
    * * *
    (stressed ú in certain persons of certain tenses)
    Present Indicative
    actúo, actúas, actúa, actuamos, actuáis, actúan.
    Present Subjunctive
    actúe, actúes, actúe, actuemos, actuéis, actúen.
    Imperative
    actúa (tú), actúe (él/Vd.), actuemos (nos.), actuad (vos.), actúen (ellos/Vds.).
    * * *
    verb
    to act, perform
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) [actor] to act; [cantante, banda, compañía, equipo] to perform

    actuar en una película — to act o be in a film

    2) (=obrar) to act

    actúa como o de mediador en el conflicto — he's acting as a mediator in the conflict

    actúa de manera rara — he's acting o behaving strangely

    3) (Jur) (=proceder) to institute (legal) proceedings; [abogado] to act
    4) (=tener efecto) to act
    2.
    VT (=hacer funcionar) to work, operate
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    a) persona ( obrar) to act

    forma de actuar — behavior*

    b) < medicamento> to work, act
    c) actor to act; torero to perform

    ¿quién actúa en esa película? — who's in the movie?

    d) (Der) to act
    * * *
    = act, be at work, behave, function, perform, step in, work, conduct + Reflexivo, come into + play, get in + the act, undertake + action, step up.
    Ex. AACR2 defines a corporate body thus: 'a corporate body is an organisation or group of persons that is identified by a particular name and that acts, or may act, as an entity'.
    Ex. All these influences are at work before a child goes to school, yet until quite recently we have behaved as though good teaching in good schools was enough to compensate for the disabilities of verbally impoverished children.
    Ex. Although the system behaves simply, it incorporates some complex retrieval techniques, developed from information retrieval research.
    Ex. The DOBIS/LIBIS allows both the library and the computer center to function efficiently and at a lower cost by sharing one system.
    Ex. 'There's no question,' he said, 'but an individual's past performance is a good indicator of how he or she will perform in the future'.
    Ex. Furthermore, children can be misled by group influences into reading truly pernicious material (hard core ponography, for example) and when this happens adults have a clear responsibility to step in and do something about it.
    Ex. Files only work effectively for a limited number of documents.
    Ex. At the next division and department head meeting, Kobitsky was reprimanded and told that she should learn to be an administrator and conduct herself accordingly = En la siguiente reunión de directores de división y departamento, Kobitsky fue amonestada y se le dijo que debería aprender a ser una administradora y actuar consecuentemente.
    Ex. There are, of course, all sorts of other considerations which come into play in determining the income which a publisher might obtain from a book.
    Ex. Even the U.S. military got in the act, when in 1984 they abolished happy hours at military base clubs.
    Ex. Members will not undertake actions that may unfairly or unlawfully jeopardise a candidate's employment.
    Ex. Another growing group in this annual pro-life event is women who are stepping up to proclaim their regret for their own abortions.
    ----
    * actuar a posteriori = be reactive.
    * actuar autoritariamente = flex + Posesivo + muscles.
    * actuar como si + ser + Dios = play + God.
    * actuar con cautela = play it + safe.
    * actuar con fineza = finesse.
    * actuar con irresponsabilidad hacia = play + fast and loose with.
    * actuar con poca consideración hacia = play + fast and loose with.
    * actuar consecuentemente = act + accordingly.
    * actuar convencido de que = operate under + the impression that.
    * actuar correctamente = do + the right thing, get on + the right side of.
    * actuar de = serve as.
    * actuar de abogado del diablo = be the/a devil's advocate.
    * actuar de acuerdo con los principios de Uno = act on + Posesivo + principles.
    * actuar de buena fe = act in + good faith.
    * actuar de capitán = skipper, captain.
    * actuar de cara a la galería = play to + the gallery.
    * actuar de contrapeso = counterpoise.
    * actuar de forma negligente = be remiss.
    * actuar de juez = don + Posesivo + judge's wig, officiate.
    * actuar del modo que se considere más adecuado = exercise + discretion.
    * actuar de mediador = mediate.
    * actuar de mirón = lurk in + the wings.
    * actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.
    * actuar de puente = act as + a bridge.
    * actuar de un modo despiadado = play + hardball.
    * actuar de un modo determinado = follow + pattern.
    * actuar de un modo diferente = strike out on + a different path.
    * actuar de un modo enérgico = turn on + the heat.
    * actuar de un modo implacable = play + hardball.
    * actuar de un modo independiente = go it alone.
    * actuar de un modo intransigente = play + hardball.
    * actuar duro = play + hardball.
    * actuar en colusión = connive.
    * actuar en complicidad = connive.
    * actuar en conciencia = act in + good conscience.
    * actuar en connivencia = collude, connive.
    * actuar en consecuencia = act + accordingly.
    * actuar en defensa de la profesión = advocacy.
    * actuar en defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.
    * actuar en la clandestinidad = go into + hiding.
    * actuar en segundo plano = lurk in + the wings.
    * actuar en sinergia = synergize.
    * actuar independientemente = fly + solo.
    * actuar lento = be slow off the mark, be slow off the blocks.
    * actuar motivado por + Nombre = act out of + Nombre.
    * actuar negligentemente = be remiss.
    * actuar para el bien de todos = acting-for-the-best.
    * actuar por encima de + Posesivo + capacidades = punch above + Posesivo + weight.
    * actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.
    * actuar rápido = be quick off the mark, be quick off the blocks.
    * actuar según = act on/upon.
    * actuar sin demora = act + promptly.
    * actuar sin pensar = shoot from + the hip.
    * actuar sumisamente = take + Nombre + lying down.
    * al actuar de este modo = by so doing, in so doing, by doing so.
    * empezar a actuar = swing into + action.
    * encontrar su propio modo de actuar = find + Posesivo + own way.
    * forma de actuar = discourse.
    * manera de actuar = line of attack.
    * modo de actuar = arrangement, course of action, practice, rationale.
    * no actuar correctamente = be remiss.
    * no actuar debidamente = be remiss.
    * organismo que actúa en representación de otros = umbrella.
    * para actuar = for action.
    * que actúa de soporte = supporting.
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    a) persona ( obrar) to act

    forma de actuar — behavior*

    b) < medicamento> to work, act
    c) actor to act; torero to perform

    ¿quién actúa en esa película? — who's in the movie?

    d) (Der) to act
    * * *
    = act, be at work, behave, function, perform, step in, work, conduct + Reflexivo, come into + play, get in + the act, undertake + action, step up.

    Ex: AACR2 defines a corporate body thus: 'a corporate body is an organisation or group of persons that is identified by a particular name and that acts, or may act, as an entity'.

    Ex: All these influences are at work before a child goes to school, yet until quite recently we have behaved as though good teaching in good schools was enough to compensate for the disabilities of verbally impoverished children.
    Ex: Although the system behaves simply, it incorporates some complex retrieval techniques, developed from information retrieval research.
    Ex: The DOBIS/LIBIS allows both the library and the computer center to function efficiently and at a lower cost by sharing one system.
    Ex: 'There's no question,' he said, 'but an individual's past performance is a good indicator of how he or she will perform in the future'.
    Ex: Furthermore, children can be misled by group influences into reading truly pernicious material (hard core ponography, for example) and when this happens adults have a clear responsibility to step in and do something about it.
    Ex: Files only work effectively for a limited number of documents.
    Ex: At the next division and department head meeting, Kobitsky was reprimanded and told that she should learn to be an administrator and conduct herself accordingly = En la siguiente reunión de directores de división y departamento, Kobitsky fue amonestada y se le dijo que debería aprender a ser una administradora y actuar consecuentemente.
    Ex: There are, of course, all sorts of other considerations which come into play in determining the income which a publisher might obtain from a book.
    Ex: Even the U.S. military got in the act, when in 1984 they abolished happy hours at military base clubs.
    Ex: Members will not undertake actions that may unfairly or unlawfully jeopardise a candidate's employment.
    Ex: Another growing group in this annual pro-life event is women who are stepping up to proclaim their regret for their own abortions.
    * actuar a posteriori = be reactive.
    * actuar autoritariamente = flex + Posesivo + muscles.
    * actuar como si + ser + Dios = play + God.
    * actuar con cautela = play it + safe.
    * actuar con fineza = finesse.
    * actuar con irresponsabilidad hacia = play + fast and loose with.
    * actuar con poca consideración hacia = play + fast and loose with.
    * actuar consecuentemente = act + accordingly.
    * actuar convencido de que = operate under + the impression that.
    * actuar correctamente = do + the right thing, get on + the right side of.
    * actuar de = serve as.
    * actuar de abogado del diablo = be the/a devil's advocate.
    * actuar de acuerdo con los principios de Uno = act on + Posesivo + principles.
    * actuar de buena fe = act in + good faith.
    * actuar de capitán = skipper, captain.
    * actuar de cara a la galería = play to + the gallery.
    * actuar de contrapeso = counterpoise.
    * actuar de forma negligente = be remiss.
    * actuar de juez = don + Posesivo + judge's wig, officiate.
    * actuar del modo que se considere más adecuado = exercise + discretion.
    * actuar de mediador = mediate.
    * actuar de mirón = lurk in + the wings.
    * actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.
    * actuar de puente = act as + a bridge.
    * actuar de un modo despiadado = play + hardball.
    * actuar de un modo determinado = follow + pattern.
    * actuar de un modo diferente = strike out on + a different path.
    * actuar de un modo enérgico = turn on + the heat.
    * actuar de un modo implacable = play + hardball.
    * actuar de un modo independiente = go it alone.
    * actuar de un modo intransigente = play + hardball.
    * actuar duro = play + hardball.
    * actuar en colusión = connive.
    * actuar en complicidad = connive.
    * actuar en conciencia = act in + good conscience.
    * actuar en connivencia = collude, connive.
    * actuar en consecuencia = act + accordingly.
    * actuar en defensa de la profesión = advocacy.
    * actuar en defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.
    * actuar en la clandestinidad = go into + hiding.
    * actuar en segundo plano = lurk in + the wings.
    * actuar en sinergia = synergize.
    * actuar independientemente = fly + solo.
    * actuar lento = be slow off the mark, be slow off the blocks.
    * actuar motivado por + Nombre = act out of + Nombre.
    * actuar negligentemente = be remiss.
    * actuar para el bien de todos = acting-for-the-best.
    * actuar por encima de + Posesivo + capacidades = punch above + Posesivo + weight.
    * actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.
    * actuar rápido = be quick off the mark, be quick off the blocks.
    * actuar según = act on/upon.
    * actuar sin demora = act + promptly.
    * actuar sin pensar = shoot from + the hip.
    * actuar sumisamente = take + Nombre + lying down.
    * al actuar de este modo = by so doing, in so doing, by doing so.
    * empezar a actuar = swing into + action.
    * encontrar su propio modo de actuar = find + Posesivo + own way.
    * forma de actuar = discourse.
    * manera de actuar = line of attack.
    * modo de actuar = arrangement, course of action, practice, rationale.
    * no actuar correctamente = be remiss.
    * no actuar debidamente = be remiss.
    * organismo que actúa en representación de otros = umbrella.
    * para actuar = for action.
    * que actúa de soporte = supporting.

    * * *
    actuar [ A18 ]
    vi
    1 «persona» (obrar) to act
    actuó de or como mediador he acted as a mediator
    no entiendo tu forma de actuar I don't understand the way you're behaving o acting
    2 «medicamento» to work, act
    dejar actuar a la naturaleza let nature take its course
    3 «actor» to act; «torero» to perform
    ¿quién actúa en esa película? who's in that movie?
    4 ( Der) to act
    actúa por la parte demandada el abogado Sr. Ruiz Sr. Ruiz is acting for the defendant
    * * *

     

    actuar ( conjugate actuar) verbo intransitivo
    a) [ persona] ( obrar) to act;



    c) [ actor] to act;

    [ torero] to perform;
    ◊ ¿quién actúa en esa película? who's in the movie?

    actuar verbo intransitivo
    1 to act: el agua actuó como disolvente, the water acted as a solvent
    actuará de fiscal en la causa, he will act as public prosecutor in the trial
    2 Cine Teat to perform, act
    ' actuar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    clandestinidad
    - constreñimiento
    - cumplir
    - diplomacia
    - enrollarse
    - estilo
    - flojear
    - hacer
    - judicialmente
    - necesaria
    - necesario
    - operar
    - política
    - proceder
    - reflexión
    - servir
    - tapujo
    - trabajar
    - atropellar
    - brusquedad
    - coherencia
    - consecuencia
    - fanfarrón
    - fanfarronear
    - fe
    - libertad
    - ligereza
    - ligero
    - obrar
    - precaución
    - separar
    - tonto
    English:
    abruptly
    - act
    - act on
    - appear
    - as
    - bone
    - camp up
    - deputize
    - do
    - galvanize
    - guinea pig
    - hand
    - inconsiderate
    - jury duty
    - operate
    - perform
    - play
    - reasonably
    - sting
    - work
    - connive
    - defend
    - liaise
    - move
    - self
    * * *
    actuar vi
    1. [obrar, producir efecto] to act;
    actuó según sus convicciones she acted in accordance with her convictions;
    actúa de o [m5] como escudo it acts o serves as a shield;
    actúa de secretario he acts as a secretary;
    este tranquilizante actúa directamente sobre los centros nerviosos this tranquilizer acts directly on the nerve centres;
    los carteristas actúan principalmente en el centro de la ciudad the pickpockets are mainly active Br in the city centre o US downtown
    2. Der to undertake proceedings
    3. [en película, teatro] to perform, to act;
    en esta película actúa Cantinflas Cantinflas appears in this film
    * * *
    v/i
    1 ( obrar, ejercer), TEA act;
    actuar de act as
    2 MED work, act
    * * *
    actuar {3} vi
    : to act, to perform
    * * *
    actuar vb
    1. (en general) to act
    2. (artista) to perform

    Spanish-English dictionary > actuar

  • 10 maniobrar

    v.
    1 to maneuver.
    Ellos maniobran la maquinaria They maneuver the machinery.
    2 to crank, to turn.
    Ellos maniobran la palanca They crank the lever.
    3 to manipulate.
    Ellos maniobran sus decisiones They manipulate his decisions.
    * * *
    1 to manoeuvre (US maneuver)
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ aparato, vehículo] (=manejar) to handle, operate; (=mover) to manoeuvre, maneuver (EEUU)
    2) (Ferro) to shunt
    2.
    VI to manoeuvre, maneuver (EEUU)
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1)
    a) (Auto, Aviac, Náut) to maneuver*
    b) ejército to carry out maneuvers*
    2) ( intrigar) to maneuver*
    2.
    a) < vehículo> to maneuver*
    b) < persona> to manipulate
    * * *
    = manoeuvre [maneuver, -USA], jockey for.
    Ex. Reference librarians must be able to maneuver effectively within the conventions used in the different catalogs.
    Ex. Librarians are not yet very successful in jockeying for position and power in the political world.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1)
    a) (Auto, Aviac, Náut) to maneuver*
    b) ejército to carry out maneuvers*
    2) ( intrigar) to maneuver*
    2.
    a) < vehículo> to maneuver*
    b) < persona> to manipulate
    * * *
    = manoeuvre [maneuver, -USA], jockey for.

    Ex: Reference librarians must be able to maneuver effectively within the conventions used in the different catalogs.

    Ex: Librarians are not yet very successful in jockeying for position and power in the political world.

    * * *
    maniobrar [A1 ]
    vi
    A
    1 ( Auto, Aviac, Náut) to maneuver*
    no hay espacio para maniobrar there's no room to maneuver
    2 «ejército» to carry out maneuvers*
    B (intrigar) to maneuver*
    ■ maniobrar
    vt
    1 ‹vehículo› to maneuver*
    2 ‹persona› to manipulate
    * * *

    maniobrar ( conjugate maniobrar) vi/vt
    to maneuver( conjugate maneuver)
    maniobrar verbo intransitivo to manoeuvre, US maneuver
    ' maniobrar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    manoeuvre
    - shunt
    - maneuver
    * * *
    1. [con vehículo] to manoeuvre
    2. [ejército] to carry out manoeuvres
    3. [tramar] to manoeuvre, to scheme
    * * *
    v/i maneuver, Br
    manoeuvre
    * * *
    : to maneuver
    * * *
    maniobrar vb to manoeuvre

    Spanish-English dictionary > maniobrar

  • 11 замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле

    1. Ausgangskreis mit Schliesserfunktion

     

    замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле
    Выходная цепь электрического реле, разомкнутая контактом или находящаяся в непроводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в начальном состоянии и замкнутая контактом или находящаяся в проводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в конечном состоянии
    [ ГОСТ 16022-83]

    EN

    output make circuit
    an output circuit which, when the relay is in its operate condition, either is closed by a contact or is effectively conducting, and when the relay is in its release condition, either is opened by a contact or is effectively non-conducting
    [IEV number 446-16-13]

    FR

    circuit de sortie de travail
    circuit de sortie dont le contact est fermé (état passant) quand le relais est à l'état de travail et dont le contact est ouvert (état bloqué) quand le relais est à l'état de repos
    [IEV number 446-16-13]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    109. Замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле

    D. Ausgangskreis mit Schliesserfunktion

    E. Output make circuit

    F. Sortie de travail

    Выходная цепь электрического реле, разомкнутая контактом или находящаяся в непроводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в начальном состоянии и замкнутая контактом или находящаяся в проводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в конечном состоянии

    Источник: ГОСТ 16022-83: Реле электрические. Термины и определения оригинал документа

    Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле

  • 12 circuit de sortie de travail

    1. замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле

     

    замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле
    Выходная цепь электрического реле, разомкнутая контактом или находящаяся в непроводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в начальном состоянии и замкнутая контактом или находящаяся в проводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в конечном состоянии
    [ ГОСТ 16022-83]

    EN

    output make circuit
    an output circuit which, when the relay is in its operate condition, either is closed by a contact or is effectively conducting, and when the relay is in its release condition, either is opened by a contact or is effectively non-conducting
    [IEV number 446-16-13]

    FR

    circuit de sortie de travail
    circuit de sortie dont le contact est fermé (état passant) quand le relais est à l'état de travail et dont le contact est ouvert (état bloqué) quand le relais est à l'état de repos
    [IEV number 446-16-13]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > circuit de sortie de travail

  • 13 Ausgangskreis mit Schliesserfunktion

    1. замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле

     

    замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле
    Выходная цепь электрического реле, разомкнутая контактом или находящаяся в непроводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в начальном состоянии и замкнутая контактом или находящаяся в проводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в конечном состоянии
    [ ГОСТ 16022-83]

    EN

    output make circuit
    an output circuit which, when the relay is in its operate condition, either is closed by a contact or is effectively conducting, and when the relay is in its release condition, either is opened by a contact or is effectively non-conducting
    [IEV number 446-16-13]

    FR

    circuit de sortie de travail
    circuit de sortie dont le contact est fermé (état passant) quand le relais est à l'état de travail et dont le contact est ouvert (état bloqué) quand le relais est à l'état de repos
    [IEV number 446-16-13]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    109. Замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле

    D. Ausgangskreis mit Schliesserfunktion

    E. Output make circuit

    F. Sortie de travail

    Выходная цепь электрического реле, разомкнутая контактом или находящаяся в непроводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в начальном состоянии и замкнутая контактом или находящаяся в проводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в конечном состоянии

    Источник: ГОСТ 16022-83: Реле электрические. Термины и определения оригинал документа

    Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Ausgangskreis mit Schliesserfunktion

  • 14 замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле

    1. output make circuit

     

    замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле
    Выходная цепь электрического реле, разомкнутая контактом или находящаяся в непроводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в начальном состоянии и замкнутая контактом или находящаяся в проводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в конечном состоянии
    [ ГОСТ 16022-83]

    EN

    output make circuit
    an output circuit which, when the relay is in its operate condition, either is closed by a contact or is effectively conducting, and when the relay is in its release condition, either is opened by a contact or is effectively non-conducting
    [IEV number 446-16-13]

    FR

    circuit de sortie de travail
    circuit de sortie dont le contact est fermé (état passant) quand le relais est à l'état de travail et dont le contact est ouvert (état bloqué) quand le relais est à l'état de repos
    [IEV number 446-16-13]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    109. Замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле

    D. Ausgangskreis mit Schliesserfunktion

    E. Output make circuit

    F. Sortie de travail

    Выходная цепь электрического реле, разомкнутая контактом или находящаяся в непроводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в начальном состоянии и замкнутая контактом или находящаяся в проводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в конечном состоянии

    Источник: ГОСТ 16022-83: Реле электрические. Термины и определения оригинал документа

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле

  • 15 замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле

    1. Sortie de travail
    2. circuit de sortie de travail

     

    замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле
    Выходная цепь электрического реле, разомкнутая контактом или находящаяся в непроводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в начальном состоянии и замкнутая контактом или находящаяся в проводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в конечном состоянии
    [ ГОСТ 16022-83]

    EN

    output make circuit
    an output circuit which, when the relay is in its operate condition, either is closed by a contact or is effectively conducting, and when the relay is in its release condition, either is opened by a contact or is effectively non-conducting
    [IEV number 446-16-13]

    FR

    circuit de sortie de travail
    circuit de sortie dont le contact est fermé (état passant) quand le relais est à l'état de travail et dont le contact est ouvert (état bloqué) quand le relais est à l'état de repos
    [IEV number 446-16-13]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    109. Замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле

    D. Ausgangskreis mit Schliesserfunktion

    E. Output make circuit

    F. Sortie de travail

    Выходная цепь электрического реле, разомкнутая контактом или находящаяся в непроводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в начальном состоянии и замкнутая контактом или находящаяся в проводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в конечном состоянии

    Источник: ГОСТ 16022-83: Реле электрические. Термины и определения оригинал документа

    Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле

  • 16 output make circuit

    1. замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле
    2. замыкающая выходная цепь

     

    замыкающая выходная цепь
    —
    [Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

    Тематики

    • электротехника, основные понятия

    EN

     

    замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле
    Выходная цепь электрического реле, разомкнутая контактом или находящаяся в непроводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в начальном состоянии и замкнутая контактом или находящаяся в проводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в конечном состоянии
    [ ГОСТ 16022-83]

    EN

    output make circuit
    an output circuit which, when the relay is in its operate condition, either is closed by a contact or is effectively conducting, and when the relay is in its release condition, either is opened by a contact or is effectively non-conducting
    [IEV number 446-16-13]

    FR

    circuit de sortie de travail
    circuit de sortie dont le contact est fermé (état passant) quand le relais est à l'état de travail et dont le contact est ouvert (état bloqué) quand le relais est à l'état de repos
    [IEV number 446-16-13]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    109. Замыкающая выходная цепь электрического реле

    D. Ausgangskreis mit Schliesserfunktion

    E. Output make circuit

    F. Sortie de travail

    Выходная цепь электрического реле, разомкнутая контактом или находящаяся в непроводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в начальном состоянии и замкнутая контактом или находящаяся в проводящем состоянии, когда реле находится в конечном состоянии

    Источник: ГОСТ 16022-83: Реле электрические. Термины и определения оригинал документа

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > output make circuit

  • 17 действовать

    act, operate, function, work, run, affect, hold, hold good, be valid
    • В свою очередь, он (этот оператор и т. п.) действует как... - This in turn acts as...
    • Данные две силы действуют в противоположных направлениях. - The two forces act in opposite directions.
    • Дистанция, на которой действует данная сила... - The distance through which this force acts...
    • Оба изменения действуют в одном направлении. - Both changes operate in the same direction.
    • Чтобы эффективно действовать в подобной ситуации, мы должны... - In order to deal effectively with circumstances of this kind, we must...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > действовать

  • 18 успешно


    1. прил. кратк. форма от успешный
    2. нареч. successfully, well, with success идти успешно (о делах) ≈ to be going on well;
    to get on well
    успешн|о - successfully, well;
    ~ учиться make* good progress in one`s studies;
    действовать ~ operate effectively;
    ~ый successful.

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > успешно

  • 19 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 20 ausnutzen

    ausnutzen v 1. GEN exploit, utilize, take advantage of; 2. PAT work; 3. PERS exploit
    * * *
    v 1. < Geschäft> exploit, utilize, take advantage of; 2. < Patent> work; 3. < Person> exploit
    * * *
    ausnutzen
    to make use of, to utilize, (Arbeiter) to sweat, (Bergwerk) to exploit, (profitieren) to turn to account, to make profit of;
    • j. ausnutzen to sponge on s. o. (fam.), to make a convenience of s. o.;
    • Betriebsanlagen ausnutzen to operate facilities, to utilize plant capacities;
    • jds. Leichtgläubigkeit ausnutzen to practise upon s. one’s credulity;
    • Monopolstellung ausnutzen to discriminate a monopoly;
    • rationell ausnutzen to utilize effectively;
    • Skonto ausnutzen to take cash discount;
    • seine gesellschaftliche Stellung ausnutzen to pull one’s rank (sl.);
    • in sittenwidriger Weise ausnutzen to take undue advantage.

    Business german-english dictionary > ausnutzen

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